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Anaerobic Digestion Plan
Anaerobic digestion is a sequence of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen.The process is used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage organic waste or to produce fuels. Much of the fermentation used industrially to produce food, organic residuals, agricultural lefovers and drink products, as well as home fermentation, uses anaerobic digestion.
- The digestion process begins with bacterial hydrolysis of the input materials. Insoluble organic polymers, such as carbohydrates and fibers, are broken down to soluble derivatives that become available for other bacteria. Acidogenic bacteria then convert the sugars and amino acids into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia, and organic acids. In acetogenesis, bacteria convert these resulting organic acids into acetic acid, along with additional ammonia, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide amongst other compounds. Finally, methanogens convert these products to methane and carbon dioxide.The methanogenic archaea populations play an indispensable role in anaerobic waste and waste water treatments.
- Anaerobic digestion is widely used as a source of renewable energy. The process produces a biogas, consisting of methane, carbon dioxide, and traces of other ‘contaminant’ gases like Hydrogen Sulphide.This biogas can be used directly as fuel, in combined heat and power gas engines or purified / upgraded to natural gas-quality biomethane. The nutrient-rich digestate (Slurry out from Anaerobic Digestion Plant) also produced can be used as fertilizer.
Feedstocks: Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW), Sewage Waste waster treatment Plant Sludge, Agriculture Organic Waste (Paddy / Wheat Straw, Sugar Cane Bagasse, Sugar Cane Press mud, All kind of Vegetable , Fruit and Flower waste), Animal Dropings ( Cow Dung, Camel Dung, Sheep Litter), Bird Dropings (Poultry Litter), Industrial Solid Waste ( All kind of Effluent Treatment plant sludge, Slaughter house waste, Leather / Tannery Solid Waste, Poultry Farm Waste, Brevarages Industrial Waste)
Power generation: Methane and power produced in anaerobic digestion facilities can be used to replace energy derived from fossil fuels, and hence reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, because the carbon in biodegradable material is part of a carbon cycle. The carbon released into the atmosphere from the combustion of biogas has been removed by plants for them to grow in the recent past, usually within the last decade, but more typically within the last growing season. If the plants are regrown, taking the carbon out of the atmosphere once more, the system will be carbon neutral. In contrast, carbon in fossil fuels has been sequestered in the earth for many millions of years, the combustion of which increases the overall levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Power generation through anaerobic digestors is best suited to large-scale operations, rather than small farms, as large operations have the volume of manure that is able to make the systems financially viable
Vehicle fuel : After upgrading with the above-mentioned technologies, the biogas (transformed into biomethane) can be used as vehicle fuel in adapted vehicles.